Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus, causing cough, fever and difficulty breathing. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses or, rarely, fungi.
Causes
- Bacterial: most often Streptococcus pneumoniae.
- Viral: respiratory viruses such as influenza or RSV.
- Fungal: rare; mainly in children with weak immunity.
Symptoms
- Cough, sometimes with phlegm
- Fever and chills
- Fast or difficult breathing; chest indrawing
- Chest pain when breathing or coughing
- Tiredness and poor appetite
Treatment
- Bacterial pneumonia is treated with antibiotics.
- Viral pneumonia mostly needs supportive care — rest, fluids, fever control.
- Severe cases need hospital care and oxygen.
Prevention
- Vaccination (including pneumococcal and influenza vaccines)
- Hand-washing and good hygiene
- A smoke-free home and good nutrition
Seek urgent care if your child is breathing fast, has chest indrawing, blue lips, or is unusually drowsy.
General information for parents. It does not replace a consultation — please see a doctor for advice about your child.