ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder)

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects children and often continues into adulthood.  It is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

Symptoms:

– Inattention: Difficulty focusing, forgetfulness, disorganization.

– Hyperactivity: Excessive fidgeting, restlessness, inability to stay seated.

– Impulsivity: Interrupting others, difficulty waiting for turns.

Causes:

– Genetic factors (family history of ADHD)

– Brain structure and function differences

– Environmental factors (e.g., exposure to toxins during pregnancy)

Treatment:

– Behavioral Therapy: Helps children develop coping strategies and improve behavior.

– Medication: Stimulants (e.g., methylphenidate, amphetamines) or non-stimulants (e.g., atomoxetine).

– Parental Training: Teaches parents how to support their child effectively.

– School Support: Individualized education plans (IEPs) or accommodations.

Management:

– Structured routines

– Clear and consistent rules

– Positive reinforcement for good behavior

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