Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus, causing symptoms such as cough, fever, and difficulty breathing. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.
Causes:
– Bacterial Pneumonia: Most caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.
– Viral Pneumonia: Often caused by respiratory viruses like influenza (flu) or RSV.
Fungal Pneumonia: Rare and usually occurs in people with weakened immune systems.
Symptoms:
– Cough (with phlegm)
– Fever, chills, and sweating
– Shortness of breath
– Chest pain during breathing or coughing
– Fatigue and loss of appetite
– In severe cases, confusion (especially in older adults)
Treatment:
– Bacterial Pneumonia: Treated with antibiotics.
– Viral Pneumonia: Antiviral medications may be used, but most cases require supportive care (rest, fluids).
– Fungal Pneumonia: Treated with antifungal medications.
– Severe cases may require hospitalization, oxygen therapy, or mechanical ventilation.
Prevention:
– Vaccination (e.g., pneumococcal vaccine, flu vaccine)
– Good hygiene (e.g., handwashing)
– Avoiding smoking and maintaining a healthy lifestyle